.45-70 Gov

.45-70 Government

The .45-70 Government is a powerful, venerable cartridge that combines impressive stopping power with a rich American heritage. Originally developed in 1873 for the Springfield Model 1873 "Trapdoor" rifle, this robust round features a .45 caliber bullet (0.458") in a case 2.105 inches long with a rim diameter of 0.608 inches.

History

Developed by the U.S. Army at the Springfield Armory, the .45-70 Government served as the official U.S. military cartridge from 1873 to 1892. The name derives from its .45 caliber bullet and original powder charge of 70 grains of black powder. Despite being replaced by smokeless powder cartridges in military service, the .45-70 has enjoyed remarkable longevity and continues to thrive in civilian markets today.

Use Cases

  • Big Game Hunting: Excellent for deer, elk, moose, bear, and other large North American game at moderate ranges (typically within 200 yards).
  • Brush Hunting: The heavy bullets maintain trajectory and energy when passing through dense vegetation.
  • Cowboy Action Shooting: Popular in historical shooting competitions.
  • Wilderness Defense: Trusted by guides and outdoorsmen in bear country for its reliability and stopping power.

Popular Ammunition

Manufacturer Load Type Bullet Weight Best For
Hornady LEVERevolution 325gr FTX Hunting, improved trajectory
Buffalo Bore Heavy 405gr JFN Large/dangerous game
Federal Power-Shok 300gr JHP Medium game, general purpose
HSM Cowboy Action 405gr RNFP Target shooting, competitions
Remington Core-Lokt 405gr SP Hunting, reliable expansion

Modern Appeal

The .45-70 Gov't has experienced a renaissance with modern lever-action rifles from Marlin, Henry, and Ruger. Its combination of manageable recoil (in heavier rifles), impressive terminal performance, and classic American heritage continues to attract hunters and shooting enthusiasts who appreciate its versatility and historical significance.

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